In the last decade, many studies have focused on visualization. The main key to make it practical for research and engineering applications is the suitable definition of a pipeline-based visualization model. It provides effective abstractions for designing visualization tools. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on pipeline-based models for Information Visualization. The basic principles of visualization models and processes are reviewed in literature as proposed in the original versions and their different revisions. Their significant extensions are grouped into two main categories: Information Visualization process and Visual Analytics process. We propose three summaries: The first one focuses on the conceptual aspects; the second one compares existing studies, and the third one discusses the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field of visualization.