Distance education or distance learning has existed for centuries. The way of practicing has evolved with the development of technologies (mail, broadcasted courses, telephone and television) . Since 1990, e-learning has emerged in the United States and Canada with the development of the Internet as the new form of distance education. Nowadays, many educational organizations have implemented Technology Enhanced Learning Environments (TELE) to inhance student learning performance. Artificial intelligence is one of the promising subjects having a major impact on e-learning researchs. Specially the machine learning based methods can be implemented to improve TELE. It is with a view to examine the state of the art of emergent approaches related to the use of machine learning approaches to improve TELE, that this chapter has been prepared. At first, we introduce the key concepts related to machine learning. Then, we present some recent works using machine learning in e-learning context.