The autonomy of a Cyber-Physical & Human Systems (CPHS) is studied regarding three main groups of prerequisites: the competences, the availabilities and the possibilities to act. Dissonances are discussed through two ways for each group. Firstly, they are presented as gaps or conflicts between autonomy prerequisites. Secondly, they are linked to human factors when they involve or impact them positively or negatively. The paper presents then an original framework to support the design of : future autonomous CPHS based on the study on human factors and on their dissonances